Public health graduates: How they can alleviate the burden on SA…A professor at the University of Florida, Michael Heckenberger has been visiting and studying Indigenous peoples at the Upper Xingu River for decades and says the Amazon is already facing its tipping point: “It’s a tipping event.”
The Kuikuro used to live in clusters of settlements, protected by palisades and ditches, surrounded by canals, bridges and ponds, connected by an impressive network of roads. While only a few thousand Kuikuro remain today, these “garden cities” of the Upper Xingu were once home to more than 50,000 people and maybe twice that many in 1492.
Researchers Michael Heckenberger and Helena Pinto Lima, from the Goeldi Museum and director of the Kuikuro Ethnoarchaeological Project of the Upper Xingu. Image courtesy of Estevão da Silva/AIKAX Portal.Several reasons. One of them being social. During the COVID pandemic it was very difficult to visit the Kuikuro, with whom I’ve lived with many times over the last 30 years. So, one reason was to see my Kuikuro family.
Mongabay: The Kuikuro live in the Xingu Indigenous Park in the northeastern corner of Mato Grosso state, which in those days must have been widely surrounded by rainforest. How is the situation today?The Upper Xingu, referring to the headwaters of the Xingu River, was remote from colonial settlers, a somewhat forgotten region. The town nearest to the park was only created in the late 1970s. There was a push to open up the region in the 1980s.
Helena Lima, Bruno Moraes, and Nilson Ramos of the Museu Goeldi conducting initial equipment training with Kuikuro Indigenous people in the Ipatse village. Image courtesy of Estevão da Silva/AIKAX Portal.As an archaeologist, I focus on the past. The direct ancestors of the Kuikuro and other Indigenous peoples supported large populations in the past, not by workingthe environment.
But archaeology is not just about the past and present. It is also about the future, what I call ‘an archaeology of hope.’ The way people dealt with the environment in the past can be an inspiration for the future, while at the same time, proactive responses to changing conditions by local communities, finding alternative local solutions, and valorizing past cultural heritage.
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